Erich Fromm (Frankfurt am Main, 1900 - Muralto, 1980). German-born U.S. psychoanalyst. Member of the Frankfurt School to which he belonged since its inception in the early 20's.
descendant of Jewish family had to emigrate to the United States after Hitler's rise to power
His psychoanalytic thought attempted a reconciliation between the theories of Marx and Freud, ie Freud abandoned the thought that psychological problems the man had an immaterial source and completed only Marx's thought to include psychological structure in the formation of society.
In his works he defended the idea of \u200b\u200bplanning anti-humanist theory of consumption and economic performance.
One of his most important works is The Fear of Freedom (1941), it caused great impact on the intellectual classes and was translated into several languages. Since this work is seen all the ideas that later will be released.
From this work, Fromm bet to promote the process of individuation and the consequent freedom necessarily mean loneliness and anguish over the meeting with himself and with others.
The theme of the book, although it is written back in the 40's, is perfectly applicable to our time.
The book raises a number of questions that could be summed up in one: Independence and freedom are inseparable from isolation and fear, or there is a state of freedom in which the individual lives independently without being isolated, but united the world and to other people? In this paper
calls for a world in which prevail spontaneous love and productive work. Is a historical overview of life forms that humanity has gone through (feudalism, mercantilism, capitalism ...) with emphasis on the psychological aspects up to an analysis of the society of his day, which has much in common with our current western society. Plasma
acuity factors that drive human beings to surrender to irrationality and placed under the control of dictators
The fear of freedom is part of a larger study about of the character structure of modern man and the problems of the interaction of sociological and psychological factors that Erich Fromm was working back in the 30's. Decided to discontinue this work to focus on what is the main theme of this book: the meaning of freedom for modern man.
The problem is that man, the more he gains in freedom, freedom understood as the emergence of the individual away from its original unity with others and nature, and the more "individual becomes, the more he sees the dilemma of joining the world through love and creative work, or seek some form of security. In seeking this form of security is when the man goes to certain links that will destroy the desired freedom and integrity of the individual self.
Fromm says that human existence and freedom are inseparable from the outset. The term of freedom that you are using here is that of negative freedom, ie, the flight of the determination by the instincts of the action. The man is in this sense, weaker than the rest of the animals (which have a highly developed instincts), and yet this inability is the factor that fosters the development of culture. Hence the ambiguity of the term.
Initially, the human baby has some instincts he joined his mother, too, in primitive societies the individual is very close to the clan. That is, in the early stages of the life there is a need for security and guidance to imply a lack of individuality. Subsequently, the individuation process occurs by which the person is uprooted from their primary ties. When successful, it must find the guidance and security you need through procedures other than pre-individual stage, it is no longer possible to rejoin the primary bonds.
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