Lev Tolstoy (1828 - 1910), Russian author most universal, cutting was a Christian anarchist. Vegetarian, an advocate of Esperanto, a friend of Proudhon and Reclus, defended the simple life in nature, nonviolence and freedom of the individual. Sharply criticized the State, the Church, Justice, the Army and all forms of authoritarianism. He was excommunicated by the Russian Church. Noble birth, divided his estates among the peasants and was dedicated to the education of the people implementing their anti-authoritarian educational theories. Born
in Yasnaya Polyana, in Tula Province in a family belonging to the oldest Russian nobility. His mother, Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonsky descended from the ancient princes of Volkonsky, and his father was Count Nikolay Ilyich Tolstoy. He had three brothers and one sister, Sergei, Nikolai, Dmitri and Maria, the birth of this will cost the lives of his mother when he was not yet two years old and his father died of a stroke in 1838, Tolstoy had just turned 10 years.
School that was called Yasnaya Polyana was founded in 1859 on a farm owned, is one of the first experiences of school, libertarian and anti-repression. For Tolstoy the methodology and purpose of education is freedom, and Yasnaya Polyana is a school open to everyone, where there is no obligation: there are no schedules or programs or discipline. There is also no rewards or punishments and tests are excluded.
The methodology is based on an apparent disorder or "free order", born of the needs of students and that will fade as they progress in knowledge:
"Certain types of exterior clutter is useful, as I think, and nothing can replace it, however strange and uncomfortable that may result from teaching "
paidocentrismo Tolstoy's The Full:
"The teacher is always taken involuntarily to choose for teaching him the procedure more comfortable. The more convenient is the procedure for the teacher, the more uncomfortable it is for the disciples! Only good one that meets the students. "
Yasnaya Polyana in the activity lasts all day. The "materials" that are developed are sacred history, Russian history, geography, music and more. Tolstoy created several methods of reading and writing progressive. All learning is based on mutual learning and cooperative work. Once again we find
as another teaching is possible and how methods performed at the time took effect on students and also comforted teachers, but we can also draw a conclusion is that all these people concerned about education and teaching, were and are completely normal people to which the incentive to improve the educational system was of great importance to them and especially their concern for others by training and a better society.
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